Chargement…
Votre dossier, de A à Z
Juge.ca couvre tout le parcours d'un litige — de l'identification du problème jusqu'à la satisfaction du jugement —, et non seulement la préparation des documents.
Conflict OS
Le conflit est l'objet; le tribunal n'est qu'une destination possible. Suivez chaque phase, du moment où tout est documenté jusqu'à la clôture.
9 étapes · Stade : Documented
10 étapes · Stade : Documented
6 étapes · Stade : Preparation
7 étapes · Stade : Preparation
8 étapes · Stade : Court
3 étapes · Stade : Enforcement
5 étapes · Stade : Enforcement
8 étapes · Stade : Closed
Conflict OS
Comparez une offre de règlement au coût, au délai et à l'incertitude d'un procès. Outil de planification — pas un avis juridique ni une prédiction.
L'offre dépasse la valeur attendue du litige à ce niveau de confiance.
Estimations à des fins de planification seulement. Juge.ca fournit de l'information juridique, pas un avis juridique, et ne garantit aucun résultat.
Conflict OS
Avant de judiciariser : la marche à suivre pour résoudre chaque type de différend — plainte, escalade, ombudsman, médiation. Chaque étape documentée devient une preuve admissible.
1. Direct complaintrequis
Written complaint to your branch. Keep a copy and proof of sending.
Suggested wait before escalating: 14 days
2. Internal escalationrequis
Escalate to the institution's senior level.
Customer Care · Office of the President · Bureau de la protection des renseignements personnels
Suggested wait before escalating: 56 days
3. External ombudsmanrequis
File with the bank's external complaints body.
ADR Chambers Banking Ombuds Office (ADRBO) · Ombudsman des services bancaires et d'investissement (OSBI)
Suggested wait before escalating: 90 days
4. Regulator
File with the competent regulator.
Agence de la consommation en matière financière du Canada (ACFC/FCAC) · Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF) · Commissariat à la protection de la vie privée
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
5. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Direct complaintrequis
Written complaint to your landlord (in writing). Keep a copy and proof of sending.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
2. Formal demand letterrequis
Formal demand letter (arts. 1594-1595 C.C.Q.): state the remedy, set a clear deadline, announce the recourse.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
3. Conciliation
The TAL offers free conciliation before the hearing.
Tribunal administratif du logement — service de conciliation
4. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Internal complaint (HR)requis
Written complaint to HR or management. Union members: also report to your union representative.
Ressources humaines / HR · Représentant syndical / Union rep (si applicable)
Suggested wait before escalating: 14 days
2. Union grievance (if applicable)
File a formal grievance through your union if your collective agreement allows. Time limit is often 30–90 days.
Syndicat / Union · Arbitre de grief / Grievance arbitrator
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
3. CNESST / labour standardsrequis
File with the CNESST (standards, harassment, dismissal). Limit: 45 days for dismissal without just cause.
CNESST · Tribunal administratif du travail
Suggested wait before escalating: 45 days
4. Mediation
Mediation offered by the CNESST or the TAT before hearing.
5. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Direct complaintrequis
Written complaint to the merchant. Keep a copy and proof of sending.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
2. Formal demand letterrequis
Formal demand letter (arts. 1594-1595 C.C.Q.): state the remedy, set a clear deadline, announce the recourse.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
3. Consumer protection office
File with the OPC; ask for the small-claims kit if needed. SMBs: the OPC can also handle complaints from small businesses affected by unfair commercial practices.
Office de la protection du consommateur (OPC) · Bureau de la concurrence
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
4. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Direct complaintrequis
Written complaint to your insurer (complaints department). Keep a copy and proof of sending.
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
2. Insurance ombudsmanrequis
File with the industry complaints body.
OAP (assurance de dommages) · OLHI/OAP-vie (assurance de personnes)
Suggested wait before escalating: 60 days
3. AMF (regulator)
Transfer your complaint file to the AMF.
Autorité des marchés financiers (AMF)
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
4. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Internal reviewrequis
Request internal review of the decision with the body.
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
2. Québec Ombudsmanrequis
Free complaint to the Protecteur du citoyen (or the relevant federal ombudsman).
Protecteur du citoyen · Ombudsman de Montréal
Suggested wait before escalating: 60 days
3. Administrative tribunal
Challenge before the competent administrative tribunal (TAQ…), before any judicial review.
Tribunal administratif du Québec (TAQ)
4. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Complaint to the syndicrequis
Complaint to the syndic of the professional order.
Syndic de l'ordre professionnel
Suggested wait before escalating: 90 days
2. Review committee
If the syndic declines to lodge a complaint, ask the review committee.
Comité de révision de l'ordre · Office des professions du Québec
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
3. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Direct complaintrequis
Written complaint to the contractor. Keep a copy and proof of sending.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
2. Formal demand letterrequis
Formal demand letter (arts. 1594-1595 C.C.Q.): state the remedy, set a clear deadline, announce the recourse.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
3. Warranty / RBQrequis
Claim under the warranty plan (GCR for new builds) and complaint to the RBQ.
Garantie de construction résidentielle (GCR) · Régie du bâtiment du Québec (RBQ)
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
4. Mediation / arbitration
Mediation or arbitration under the warranty plan or contract.
5. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Direct negotiationrequis
Documented attempt to settle amicably with the other party.
Suggested wait before escalating: 14 days
2. Formal demand letterrequis
Formal demand letter (arts. 1594-1595 C.C.Q.): state the remedy, set a clear deadline, announce the recourse.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
3. Mediation
Private or court mediation — you must consider private dispute prevention (art. 1 C.C.P.).
4. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Discussion / parenting planrequis
Attempt a direct, written agreement (parenting plan, division).
2. Family mediationrequis
Subsidized family mediation (free hours with children) — must be considered before court.
Médiateur familial accrédité · Séance d'information sur la parentalité (obligatoire)
Suggested wait before escalating: 30 days
3. Draft settlement
Draft the settlement to be homologated.
4. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Request / complaint to the institution (CSC)requis
Written request to Correctional Service Canada institutional staff or management. Note the date and keep a copy — the prerequisite to the formal grievance.
Service correctionnel du Canada (SCC)
Suggested wait before escalating: 15 days
2. Offender grievance — initial then final levelrequis
Formal grievance to the institutional head, then to CSC national headquarters. The exact deadline is on the response; this preserves the right to judicial review.
SCC — Directeur de l'établissement · SCC — Administration centrale
Suggested wait before escalating: 80 days
3. Office of the Correctional Investigator
Free, independent complaint to the OCI (federal ombudsman for incarcerated people). In parallel with the grievance; suspends no deadline. The Protecteur du citoyen has NO jurisdiction over federal corrections.
Bureau de l'enquêteur correctionnel (BEC / OCI)
Suggested wait before escalating: 60 days
4. Parole Board of Canada + Appeal Divisionrequis
Conditional-release decisions: written submissions before the PBC. An unfavourable decision is challenged before the Appeal Division (the exact deadline is on the decision).
Commission des libérations conditionnelles du Canada (CLCC / PBC) · Section d'appel
Suggested wait before escalating: 60 days
5. Judicial review — Federal Court / habeas corpus
After the grievance and appeal are exhausted: judicial review of the final decision before the Federal Court (generally 30 days). Habeas corpus in superior court remains available for a residual deprivation of liberty.
Cour fédérale du Canada · Cour supérieure (habeas corpus)
6. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
1. Civil-law foundation (art. 1457 C.C.Q.)requis
The civil action in damages against the person who committed the criminal act rests on ordinary civil liability (art. 1457 C.C.Q.). The applicable prescription period depends on the nature of the harm: ten (10) years for bodily injury resulting from a criminal act; imprescriptible for harm resulting from sexual violence, violence suffered during childhood, or spousal violence; the heirs' right to bring or continue the action extinguishes three (3) years after the victim's death; and the ordinary three (3)-year period (art. 2925 C.C.Q.) applies where only property damage is claimed, without bodily injury.
2. Seizure before judgment — asset preservationrequis
The Code of Civil Procedure provides for two seizure-before-judgment regimes: seizure as of right (art. 517 C.p.c.), available in the cases enumerated by law without prior court authorization, and seizure with court authorization (art. 518 C.p.c.), which requires a reasoned application. Seizure before judgment under art. 518 C.p.c. is normally sought without prior notice to the debtor — the court relies on a jeopardy affidavit, and the debtor learns of it at the bailiff's execution. This application does not require a prior demand letter: that's a feature of the recourse itself, not a strategic choice made for you. The debtor may then contest the seizure before the court; the applicable delay is set by the Code of Civil Procedure (arts. 519–523 C.p.c.) and must be confirmed on the notice of execution itself rather than assumed. Whether to seek relief without notice, and the risk of a wrongful seizure, depend on the specific facts of your file — consult a lawyer before filing this application.
3. Parallel criminal track (informational only)
At sentencing, the criminal file may result in a restitution order (ss. 737.1, 738 and 741 of the Criminal Code); the court may take into account amounts already paid or to be paid, but a restitution order does not replace the separate civil action in damages and does not bar it (s. 741.2 of the Criminal Code). This tool provides no advice on the criminal proceeding itself and does not track it — that remains exclusively the Crown's conduct of the case. For anything about the criminal case itself, contact the Crown prosecutor (DPCP) or victim services (CAVAC).
4. IVAC — victim compensation (parallel channel)
IVAC compensation (under the Act to assist persons who are victims of criminal offences and to facilitate their recovery — LAPVIC, CQLR c. P-9.2.1) is an administrative recourse separate from, and pursued in parallel with, the civil action — see the IVAC entry in the government-body directory for its own ladder (contact, review, TAQ), not repeated here. Application deadlines vary: generally three (3) years from when the victim becomes aware of the harm for an offence occurring on or after October 13, 2021; two (2) years for an offence occurring before that date (transitional regime); no deadline for sexual violence, violence suffered during childhood, or spousal violence. A decision can be contested before the Bureau de révision administrative within ninety (90) days of receiving it — confirm these delays on the decision itself. Any amount received from IVAC must be disclosed in the civil action: there is no double recovery, and IVAC may be subrogated to the victim's rights against the person who caused the harm, up to the amount paid.
5. Litigation readiness — seizure status
Final check: the seizure before judgment has been executed by the bailiff, the return of seizure has been filed with the court office, any contestation has been resolved, the amount is confirmed at judgment, and the status of any criminal restitution and/or IVAC compensation is noted on file.
1. Direct complaintrequis
Written complaint to the opposing party (in writing). Keep a copy and proof of sending.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
2. Formal demand letterrequis
Formal demand letter (arts. 1594-1595 C.C.Q.): state the remedy, set a clear deadline, announce the recourse.
Suggested wait before escalating: 10 days
3. Mediation
Consider mediation — the C.C.P. requires considering private modes before court.
4. Litigation readiness
Final check: complaint sent, follow-up done, escalations exhausted, waiting periods expired, evidence preserved.
Capture who, what, where, when, why — with documents, photos, audio, and video.
Record each exchange so the chronology builds itself.
Email, SMS, letters, and calls — kept in one place.
Generate a refund, correction, payment, or complaint request.
Move up the ladder: customer service → supervisor → management.
Refer the dispute to the relevant ombudsman or regulator.
Offer neutral mediation before litigating.
Make offers, counter-offers, and payment plans; reach an agreement.
Weigh costs, risks, delays, and odds before going to court.
Frame the dispute, the parties, and the result you are seeking.
Assess merits, risks, and the theory of the case.
Secure documents, messages, and records before they are lost.
Classify, version, and index every piece of the file.
Turn the facts into a dated, sourced timeline.
Map who is involved and who can testify to what.
Find the statutes and decisions that govern the dispute.
Weigh the procedures and outcomes open to you.
Generate and send a formal demand before suing.
Attempt settlement before formal proceedings begin.
Assemble pleadings from your facts, parties, and exhibits.
Check form, citations, and completeness before filing.
Have affidavits sworn before a commissioner for oaths.
Commission a bailiff to serve the proceedings.
Deposit the proceedings with the court registry (greffe).
The matter enters the court docket (plumitif) and live tracking begins.
Track every delay and protocol date so nothing is missed.
Disclose and receive exhibits under the rules of procedure.
Prepare and track examinations and undertakings.
Manage protocol, scheduling, and case-management hearings.
Prepare for judicial settlement / mediation conferences.
Draft and track interlocutory motions as they arise.
Confirm the file is complete and inscribe for trial.
Assemble the paginated, court-ready book of exhibits.
Compile the cited statutes and decisions for the bench.
Prepare witnesses and their examination outlines.
Build the plan of argument and anticipate the bench.
Run the war room: order of proof, binders, logistics.
Present the case at the hearing.
The court takes the matter under advisement.
The court renders its decision.
Break down findings, costs, and what was granted or refused.
Choose a path: accept, negotiate, or seek a remedy.
If contesting, select and launch the appropriate recourse.
A judgment without collection is often worthless — establish whether recovery is economically worthwhile before spending on enforcement.
Map the adverse party's network — a litigation-focused CRM of relationships.
Locate assets across every category and track transfers over time.
Spot fraudulent conveyances, suspicious transfers, and judgment-proofing via an asset timeline.
Choose the measures most likely to actually collect, given the assets found.
Formally demand that the losing party comply with the judgment.
Issue the mandate that authorizes forced execution.
A bailiff carries out the enforcement measures.
Seize assets according to the context of the matter.
Track the amounts recovered against the judgment.
Distribute the recovered amounts to the creditors.
The judgment is fully satisfied.
Archive the closed matter; justice has been rendered.
Le cycle de vie se traduit en modules concrets — la vision Juge.ca 9.11.
Dans l'espace de travail, suivez votre dossier étape par étape — chaque étape se débloque à mesure que le dossier progresse.